After successfully completing this course, participants will be able to: Identify the different energies sources, the importance of oil and how it is used in transport and its consequences regarding the environment Explain the operation of a 4-stroke engine Explain the specifications of gasoline and diesel and the objectives of each unit during the crude refining process Explain the engine’s efficiency, the power and the torque Explain the formation of pollutant emissions, identify the techniques used to reduce emissions and consumption and finally identify the different after treatment systems List the pros and the cons of hybrids and explain how they work; list the various alternative fuels used, and finally describe possible solutions for reducing dependency on petroleum products –e.g. car sharing or ecodriving.